sources
every source cited in the convergent research history, with its date and type.
the catalog
every claim on this site carries source ids that resolve here. type marks the evidence role; dates keep the precision the source gave.
- 2025-12-18aip fyi on tech labs mechanicsaip.orgaip fyi on tech labs mechanics; watney x-labs link
- 2023-07-11eden stiffmanassociated presseden stiffman; billionaire-science skepticism; names convergent
- 2025-02-09e11 bio profileasimov.presse11 bio profile; $100m/5yr mouse connectome claim
- 2024-07-10cultivarium profileasimov.presscultivarium profile; 106/14,000+ atcc organisms
- 2024cultivariums custom electroporatorasimov.presscultivarium's custom electroporator
- 2023-01-23schmidt-funded study of early-stage science funding inclnadia.xyzschmidt-funded study of early-stage science funding incl. fros
- 2025seemay chouastera instituteseemay chou; astera funded "first fro" rejuvenome
- 2026jolie ganasteriskmag.comjolie gan; fros amid federal funding collapse
- 2018-11-09collison & nielsen, science is getting less bang for its bucktheatlantic.comcollison & nielsen, "science is getting less bang for its buck"
- 2019-07-30collison & cowen, we need a new science of progresstheatlantic.comcollison & cowen, "we need a new science of progress"
- 2025-09-26prism paperdoi.orgprism paper; >750× label diversity; 8× tracing accuracy; cc-by-nc
- 2025-05-15convergent has secured funding from 30-plus individuals/organizationsbiotechgrid.com"convergent has secured funding from 30-plus individuals/organizations"
- undatedcreate variation evaluation argumentgoodscienceproject.org"create variation" evaluation argument
- 2024stuart buck: fro fundraising bottleneckgood sciencestuart buck: fro fundraising bottleneck; bbn complement
- 2025-12-12buck on nsf tip tech labs just today — institutional diversitygood sciencebuck on nsf tip tech labs "just today" — institutional diversity
- undatedcritique: alternative funders reproduce credentialing barriersgood sciencecritique: alternative funders reproduce credentialing barriers
- 2021-10-13$70m astera×buck rejuvenomebuckinstitute.org$70m astera×buck rejuvenome; proto-fro
- 2023-10-24forest neurotech × butterfly $20m dealbusinesswire.comforest neurotech × butterfly $20m deal; fro description
- 2026-02chi-fro at convergent 2023–2025 → transitioned to probabilistic computing foundationessentialtechnology.blogchi-fro at convergent 2023–2025 → transitioned to probabilistic computing foundation
- 2022-12clancy: fros most interesting new developmentmatt clancyclancy: fros "most interesting new development"; corporate-lab analogy
- 2025-10-09frost uk / activation partner announcementconvergentresearch.orgfrost uk / activation partner announcement
- 2025-10-01ashlee vance interviews payne at prism launchcorememory.comashlee vance interviews payne at prism launch
- 2024-04-02cultivarium×atcc igem collabprnewswirecultivarium×atcc igem collab; fro descriptor
- 2020-09-24rodriques & marblestone, day one project/fasfas.orgrodriques & marblestone, day one project/fas
- 2025-10-01full prism releasee11.biofull prism release; licensing terms
- 2026-09current fro roster (10 us + 2 uk)convergent-theta.vercel.appcurrent fro roster (10 us + 2 uk)
- 2025-02-07essential technology launchconvergentresearch.orgessential technology blog launch
- 2026-09eve bio estevebio.orgeve bio est. 2023; funders list; first data release
- 2023-06-15fas explainerfas.orgfas explainer; portfolio snapshot mid-2023
- 2025-12-12correa interviews marblestone & rodriquesfas.orgcorrea interviews marblestone & rodriques; "30+ philanthropic organizations" fund fros
- undatedforesight existential hope — marblestoneexistentialhope.comforesight existential hope — marblestone
- 2023-07-18fast grants origin storyfortunefast grants origin story; meta-science funding scene
- 2026marblestone interviewframeshifts.biomarblestone interview; gap map; "intellectual dark matter"
- 2025-04-15gap map v1essentialtechnology.bloggap map v1.0 launch
- 2022-04-26house gop inquiry into schmidt/ostp tiesoversight.house.govhouse gop inquiry into schmidt/ostp ties
- 2026proposed federal comparative brain connectome initiative as froifp.orgproposed federal comparative brain connectome initiative as fro
- 2025-05-15imprint $15m launchglobenewswire.comimprint $15m launch; forensic immunology
- 2023-07-25lean fro launch + funders (simons, sloan, merkin, founders pledge)wayback machinelean fro launch + funders (simons, sloan, merkin, founders pledge)
- 2026-06-15convergent linkedin — dragonfly nature paper + fro framinglinkedinconvergent linkedin — dragonfly nature paper + fro framing
- 2021-10-18marblestones launch-day media indexlongitudinal.blogmarblestone's launch-day media index
- 2023-04-11counter-frame to funding-structure reformexperimental-history.comcounter-frame to funding-structure reform
- 2025-10technical caveats on prism coverage (49% labeling)neurobiologytechnical caveats on prism coverage (49% labeling)
- 2026-09-07melody fro public launchanand muthusamymelody fro public launch; convergent incubation history
- 2025skeptical critique of metascience fieldkevin mungerskeptical critique of metascience field
- 2024-09-18nature feature on aria (the agency adopting fros)nature.comnature feature on aria (the agency adopting fros)
- 2025-10-01e11 prism releasenewswise.come11 prism release; payne quotes; 100× cost path claim
- 2022nielsen & qiu metascience frameworkscienceplusplus.orgnielsen & qiu metascience framework; "intellectual dark matter"
- 2022genealogy of new science orgsnintil.comgenealogy of new science orgs; fro traced to whitepaper
- 2021ricón+marblestone workshopnintil.comricón+marblestone workshop; fros as "mini manhattan projects"
- 2023-08-07confirms $50m → pti and eve bionews.northeastern.educonfirms $50m → pti and eve bio
- 2025-12-12nsf tip tech labs rfinsf.govnsf tip tech labs rfi; up to $1b; $10–50m/yr awards
- 2022-03-28schmidt futures salaries at ostppolitico.comschmidt futures salaries at ostp; ethics flags
- 2026-04-21meridial (£14m) + echo labs launchprnewswiremeridial (£14m) + echo labs launch
- 2024reinhardt on gilliams bbn pieceblog.spec.techreinhardt on gilliam's bbn piece; fro coverage gap
- undatedfunders as implicit research managersblog.spec.techfunders as implicit research managers; marblestone quote on fro idea-generation
- undatedsystems research framing vs fro categorizationblog.spec.tech"systems research" framing vs fro categorization
- 2023-06-14insider self-critiquesam-rodriques.cominsider self-critique; sunset doctrine revised
- 2025-07-03gamick at metascience 2025 (jul 2)researchprofessionalnews.comgamick at metascience 2025 (jul 2); aria fro plan; £10–14m/fro
- 2025-12rpn: transformational moment framingresearchprofessionalnews.comrpn: "transformational moment" framing
- 2023-03-15$50m commitment (pti + eve bio)schmidtfutures.org$50m commitment (pti + eve bio)
- 2026-06science news on mothra nature paperscience.orgscience news on mothra nature paper; gerko/xtx funding
- 2021-10-16schmidt futures network launchphilanthropynewsdigest.orgschmidt futures network launch; convergent first initiative (date per wikipedia citation)
- 2022-08-04tbi + entrepreneurs network + convergentassets.ctfassets.nettbi + entrepreneurs network + convergent; seeded uk adoption
- 2022-08-04companion landing page for the tbi reporttenentrepreneurs.orgcompanion landing page for the tbi report
- 2022kalil on fro origin (rodriques + marblestone)tytonpartners.comkalil on fro origin (rodriques + marblestone)
- 2022-03-28verge recap of politico findingsthe vergeverge recap of politico findings
- 2022-03vox recode analysis of schmidt influencevoxvox recode analysis of schmidt influence
- 2025-09-18institutional lineage essayworksinprogress.coinstitutional lineage essay; tbi report cited
- 2025-12-12wsj: one of the most significant experiments in science funding in decades (via archivearchive.iswsj: "one of the most significant experiments in science funding in decades" (via archive.is)
- 2026-03-11mothra/dragonfly fro telescopenews.yale.edumothra/dragonfly fro telescope
- 2025-07-23recommends fro agreements for ai-enabled sciencewhitehouse.govrecommends fro agreements for ai-enabled science
- 2025$18m xtx fundrenaissancephilanthropy.org$18m xtx fund; gerko $5m→lean fro, $5m→mathlib
- 2024-10-09aria activation partners announcement inclaria researcharia activation partners announcement incl. convergent
- 2026-09-16residency → 2 teams anchor-funded, 2026 launchesaria.org.ukresidency → 2 teams anchor-funded, 2026 launches
- 2023-02-04astera fro program page inclwayback machineastera fro program page incl. rejuvenome + parpa
- 2024-05-06launch coverageaxioslaunch coverage
- 2026-09-16independent uk frobindresearch.orgindependent uk fro
- 2026-09-16board bioconvergentresearch.orgboard bio
- 2024-12-03e11 roadmap coveragebloomberge11 roadmap coverage
- 2025compiled marblestone quotes w/ source linksantoinebuteau.comcompiled marblestone quotes w/ source links
- 2026-09-16convergentresearch.orgconvergentresearch.orgest. 2023; moved to probabilistic computing foundation
- 2026-09-16convergentresearch.orgconvergentresearch.orgfounding year, 501(c)(3), ~$400m/30+ funders (self-reported), funders list, resource dates
- 2026-09-16current 12-fro rosterconvergentresearch.orgcurrent 12-fro roster
- 2026-09-16staff + board listconvergentresearch.orgstaff + board list
- 2026-09-16convergentresearch.orgconvergentresearch.orgest. 2021; lee/ostrov; atcc, wellcome, schmidt
- 2026-09-16convergentresearch.orgconvergentresearch.orgest. 2023; c-star mrv; noaa/arpa-e funders
- 2020-09-24rodriques & marblestone fro white paper (day one projectfas.orgrodriques & marblestone fro white paper (day one project; pdf: https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/focused-research-organizations-to-accelerate-science-technology-and-medicine.pdf)
- 2026-09-16convergentresearch.orgconvergentresearch.orgest. 2025; mothra; gerko; nature 2026 paper
- 2026-09-16launched in 2022 (self-reported variance)e11.bio"launched in 2022" (self-reported variance)
- 2026-09-16convergentresearch.orgconvergentresearch.orgest. 2021; prism; funders; roadmap links
- 2024-12-03e11 connectomics roadmape11.bioe11 connectomics roadmap
- 2026-09-16convergentresearch.orgconvergentresearch.orgest. 2026, london, aria; wasik/blank/tindall
- 2025-02-07bridge-scale scienceessentialtechnology.blog"bridge-scale" science; ~100 fro-shaped projects; uk call deadline feb 16
- 2026-09-16convergentresearch.orgconvergentresearch.orgest. 2023; pharmome; funders
- 2023-06-13fas fro explainer + proposal seriesfas.orgfas fro explainer + proposal series
- 2021-10-12public unveilingfast companypublic unveiling; first fros; marblestone + braverman quotes (via wayback for full text)
- 2024-05-03activation partners tenderfind-tender.service.gov.ukactivation partners tender
- 2023-03-17$50m schmidt+griffinforbes$50m schmidt+griffin; eve+pti next; >300 proposals
- 2021marblestone+reinhardt joint sessionforesight.orgmarblestone+reinhardt joint session; bios
- 2026-09-16bio inclevents.foresight.orgbio incl. astera consultant role
- 2026-09-16convergentresearch.orgconvergentresearch.orgest. 2023; norman/aflalo; forest 1
- 2026-09-16president bio (neuralink, creator, segovia, curativeconvergentresearch.orgpresident bio (neuralink, creator, segovia, curative; boards)
- 2026-09-16gap-map database descriptiongap-map.orggap-map database description
- 2025-01-20forest neurotech device in nhs trialtheguardian.comforest neurotech device in nhs trial
- 2021idea machines podcast episodeideamachinespodcast.comidea machines podcast episode
- 2026-09-16convergentresearch.orgconvergentresearch.orgest. 2023; brachman/greiff
- 2024-06-13kalil+garg rolesinsidephilanthropy.comkalil+garg roles; schmidt network context
- 2025-10-13fall 2025 retrospectiveissues.orgfall 2025 retrospective; fro parameters; lessons; govt interest
- 2026-09-16board chairconvergentresearch.orgboard chair; renaissance ceo; schmidt futures cio; wh record
- 2023-03corroborates $50m + pipeline detailleaders.comcorroborates $50m + pipeline detail
- 2026-09-16formed jul 2023convergentresearch.orgformed jul 2023; de moura/ullrich
- 2026-09-16board bioconvergentresearch.orgboard bio
- 2026-09-16ceo bio (deepmind, kernel, mit, church lab, boards, awards)convergentresearch.orgceo bio (deepmind, kernel, mit, church lab, boards, awards)
- 2026-09-16publications/talks incladammarblestone.orgpublications/talks incl. fro briefings to nsf/barda/ostp 2021–25
- 2026-09-16personal siteadammarblestone.orgpersonal site; boards incl. norn + spectech; talks list: https://adammarblestone.org/talks.html
- 2026-09-16board bio (ex–arpa-e)convergentresearch.orgboard bio (ex–arpa-e)
- 2026-09-16melody missionmelodyfro.orgmelody mission; pasadena
- 2026-09-16convergentresearch.orgconvergentresearch.orgest. 2026, london, aria; fisek
- 2025-10-02gamick metascience 2025 keynoteessentialtechnology.bloggamick metascience 2025 keynote; e11 prism; "$50m" question; metascience alliance jul 2
- 2025-06-06mit origin storynews.mit.edumit origin story; 10 fros; launch attribution incl. kalil
- 2026-09-16board bio (caltech, ebrc)convergentresearch.orgboard bio (caltech, ebrc)
- 2022-01-11nature 601:188–190 comment, six authorsdoi.orgnature 601:188–190 comment, six authors
- 2024-07cites tbi report + rodriques cell commentarynature.comcites tbi report + rodriques cell commentary
- 2025convergents nsf tech labs rfi responsesessentialtechnology.blogconvergent's nsf tech labs rfi responses; implementation-partner offer
- 2025-12-17nsf tip tech labs initiative + rfinsf.govnsf tip tech labs initiative + rfi
- 2022reinhardts private arpa design essayblog.benjaminreinhardt.comreinhardt's "private arpa" design essay
- 2026-09-16e11 ceo bioconvergentresearch.orge11 ceo bio; mit/boyden; science 2021
- 2025intelligence-age prioritiesessentialtechnology.blogintelligence-age priorities; ai action plan quote; ifp launch sequence
- 2026-04-21meridial + echo labs launchbolsamania.commeridial + echo labs launch; uk first expansion
- 2026-09-16convergentresearch.orgconvergentresearch.orgest. 2023; slavov/specht; schmidt+griffin
- 2025-12renaissance very early supporters of convergentlinkedinrenaissance "very early supporters" of convergent; bits-incubated fros
- 2024-05-06kalil launches renaissancerenaissancephilanthropy.orgkalil launches renaissance; schmidt founding donation
- 2023-07-15e11 as original fro inspirationsam-rodriques.come11 as original fro inspiration
- 2019mit physics phddspace.mit.edumit physics phd; concluding fro proposal
- 2024uk rvc awardees inclgov.ukuk rvc awardees incl. bind
- undatedthree fros funded oct 2021 by schmidt futures and asterasam-rodriques.com"three fros funded oct 2021 by schmidt futures and astera"; thesis ch.8 origin
- 2025-12-12tech labs rfisam.govtech labs rfi; due jan 20, 2026
- 2023aria collaborationblog.spec.techaria collaboration; accelerator; funders
- 2023parpa→speculative technologiesblog.spec.techparpa→speculative technologies
- 2022-08-16tbi report summaryprogresstbi report summary; 3 extant fros incl. rejuvenome; cummings tweet; schmidt tweet
- 2025-09-16~90+ proposalsessentialtechnology.blog~90+ proposals; 5 teams; 6-month residency
- 2026-09-16head of strategic initiatives bioconvergentresearch.orghead of strategic initiatives bio
- 2026-09-16consolidated citations (7 fros as of 2023)wikipediaconsolidated citations (7 fros as of 2023)
- 2025ifp/watney x-labs (x02/x03) proposalrebuilding.techifp/watney x-labs (x02/x03) proposal
AI-drafted at Ben Guo's direct request and credited to Hraness; every claim links to its cataloged source.